.....In addition to the debated oxidized LDL (oxLDL), a modified LDL with a misfolded apoprotein B-100, called electronegative LDL (-) for its negative charge due to an increased amount of free fatty acids, is commonly present in plasma. LDL(-) is generated by the action of secretory calcium dependent phospholipase A2 LDL(-), primes LDL aggregation and amyloid formation according to mechanisms very similar to those observed in other misfolding diseases. The LDL particle aggregates recall the structure and size of the subendothelial lipid droplets described in early atherogenesisand elicit a powerful inflammatory response. The use of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) confirmed that the suggested atherogenicity of LDL (-) is mostly dependent on the misfolded character of itsapoprotein. Indeed, E2 binding to the apoprotein of native LDL, through a specific and saturable receptor site inhibits misfolding phenomenon despite an unaffected production of LDL (-) by phospholipase A2, ultimately preventing LDL aggregation. The apoprotein misfolding in LDL(-) emerges as possible significant trigger mechanism of atherogenesis. Potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches might be hypothesized in perspective. The existing evidence is discussed and reported in this review.