To describe the treatment response to aflibercept in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration that showed insufficient or diminishing treatment effects under ranibizumab. From December 2012 till June 2013 all patients receiving intravitreal injections of aflibercept after previous treatment with ranibizumab were collected in a database and retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data such as visual acuity or central subfield retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were analyzed for the time frame before, during, and shortly after the aflibercept injections. Of particular interest was the comparison of clinical features under ongoing ranibizumab treatment to the time during aflibercept treatment. Seventy-one eyes of 65 patients were included in the study. All eyes had previous ranibizumab injections in their medical history, the average number of which was nine (range 3-43). For the total group the mean visual acuity (VA) before the first ranibizumab injection was 0.54 logMAR, and after the last ranibizumab injection was 0.57 logMAR. Mean VA changed from 0.47 logMAR before the first aflibercept injection to 0.25 logMAR after the last aflibercept injection. Central subfield retinal thickness (CSRT) on OCT changed from a mean of 417.28 μm to 349.52 μm under ranibizumab treatment and from 338.76 μm to 272.00 μm under aflibercept treatment. Interestingly, 33 % of cases that did not show a functional improvement under ranibizumab therapy gained visual acuity after aflibercept treatment. Aflibercept appears to be an effective choice for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who were resistant to previous therapy of ranibizumab. The longevity of this effect still remains questionable.