(selected excerpts below)Atrial fibrillation (AF)...and aging share mutual bidirectional relationships. On the one hand, aging and aging-related underlying diseases result in myocardial remodeling that may lead to cardiac electrical abnormalities which enhance the occurrence or persistence of AF [1]. On the other hand, AF worsens biological aging, specifically at the brain level, causing injuries related to ischemic and non-ischemic events, thereby impairing functional capacity. In addition, handling of AF is challenging in aged patients due to the high prevalence of complex clinical features (i.e. heart failure [HF] and chronic kidney disease) and the progressive AF-mediated aggravation of degenerative processes typical of aging. All these aspects have profound effects on the patient health condition and on the resources provided by the society and national health systems to dedicate to the care of elderly patients.