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Bringing macromolecules into cells and evading endosomes by oxidized carbon nanoparticles.
Nano Lett. 2015 May 13;15(5):3370-6. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00696
Arayachukiat S, Seemork J, Pan-In P, Amornwachirabodee K, Sangphech N, Sansureerungsikul T, Sathornsantikun K, Vilaivan C, Shigyou K, Pienpinijtham P, Vilaivan T, Palaga T, Banlunara W, Hamada T, Wanichwecharungruang S
Abstract:
.....Here, we show that a serendipitously discovered, relatively nontoxic, water dispersible, stable, negatively charged, oxidized carbon nanoparticle, prepared from graphite, could deliver macromolecules into cells, without getting trapped in a lysosome. The ability of the particles to induce transient pores on lipid bilayer membranes of cell-sized liposomes was demonstrated. Delivering 12-base-long pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids with d-prolyl-(1S,2S)-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid backbone (acpcPNA) complementary to the antisense strand of the NF-κB binding site in the promoter region of the Il6 gene into the macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, by our particles resulted in an obvious accumulation of the acpcPNAs in the nucleus and decreased Il6 mRNA and IL-6 protein levels upon stimulation. We anticipate this work to be a starting point in a new drug delivery strategy, which involves the nanoparticle that can induce a transient pore on the lipid bilayer membrane.