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A hydride transfer complex reprograms NAD metabolism and bypasses senescence
Mol Cell. 2021 Sep 16;81(18):3848-3865.e19. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.028.
Sebastian Igelmann 1, Frédéric Lessard 2, Oro Uchenunu 3, Jacob Bouchard 2, Ana Fernandez-Ruiz 4, Marie-Camille Rowell 4, Stéphane Lopes-Paciencia 4, David Papadopoli 5, Aurélien Fouillen 6, Katia Julissa Ponce 7, Geneviève Huot 2, Lian Mignacca 2, Mehdi Benfdil 2, Paloma Kalegari 1, Haytham M Wahba 8, Jan Pencik 9, Nhung Vuong 4, Jordan Quenneville 10, Jordan Guillon 4, Véronique Bourdeau 2, Laura Hulea 11, Etienne Gagnon 12, Lukas Kenner 13, Richard Moriggl 14, Antonio Nanci 7, Michael N Pollak 15, James G Omichinski 2, Ivan Topisirovic 16, Gerardo Ferbeyre 17
Abstract:
Metabolic rewiring and redox balance play pivotal roles in cancer. Cellular senescence is a barrier for tumorigenesis circumvented in cancer cells by poorly understood mechanisms. We report a multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms NAD metabolism by transferring reducing equivalents from NADH to NADP+. This hydride transfer complex (HTC) is assembled by malate dehydrogenase 1, malic enzyme 1, and cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase. HTC is found in phase-separated bodies in the cytosol of cancer or hypoxic cells and can be assembled in vitro with recombinant proteins. HTC is repressed in senescent cells but induced by p53 inactivation. HTC enzymes are highly expressed in mouse and human prostate cancer models, and their inactivation triggers senescence. Exogenous expression of HTC is sufficient to bypass senescence, rescue cells from complex I inhibitors, and cooperate with oncogenic RAS to transform primary cells. Altogether, we provide evidence for a new multi-enzymatic complex that reprograms metabolism and overcomes cellular senescence.